Originally, actual shells were used, with sections cut out to provide space for the lighting area later these were replaced by pottery, alabaster, or metal lamps shaped to resemble their natural prototypes. Another basic early type of lamp, found in anchient Egypt and China, was the saucer lamp. Made of pottery or bronze, it was sometimes provided with a spike in the centre of the declivity to support the wick, which was used to control the rate of burning. Another version had a wick channel, which allowed the burning surface of the wick to hang over the edge. The latter type became common in Africa and spread into East Asia as well.
Very little information is available about medieval lamps, but it would appear that such as existed were of the open, saucer type, and considerably inferior in performance to the closed lamps of the Romans. The great step forward in the evolution of the lamp occurred in Europe in the 18th century with the introduction of a central burner, emerging from a closed container through a metal tube and controllable by means of a ratchet. This advance coincided with the discovery that the flame produced could be intensified by aeration and a glass chimney.
source : www.britannica.com
from wikipedia.com
Nowadays, lamp are different. modern lamp powered by an electric current through a thin metal filament, heating the filament until it glows and produces light.
ٱلْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ ٱلَّذِى خَلَقَ ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٰتِ وَٱلْأَرْضَ وَجَعَلَ ٱلظُّلُمَـٰتِ وَٱلنُّورَ ۖ ثُمَّ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ بِرَبِّهِمْ يَعْدِلُونَ ١
All praise is for Allah Who created the heavens and the earth and made darkness and light.1 Yet the disbelievers set up equals to their Lord ˹in worship˺.
(QS. Al-An'am : 1)
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